How long can American foul brood spores survive in beeswax comb, according to studies?

American foul brood (AFB) spores are known for their remarkable resilience, capable of surviving in beeswax comb for extended periods. Studies have shown that these spores can remain viable for up to 30 years. This persistence is a significant concern for beekeepers, as it underscores the importance of proper hive management and equipment sanitation to prevent the spread of this highly contagious and destructive disease. The longevity of the spores highlights the necessity for beekeepers to be vigilant in monitoring their hives and to take preventive measures, especially when dealing with equipment that has been used in infected colonies. Understanding this aspect of AFB biology is crucial for maintaining healthy bee populations and preventing outbreaks.